Using bolt SHEAR connectors in Steel-Concrete-Steel (SCS) slabs is very important due to producing a complete steel plates connection and adjusting the sandwich thickness desirably. Therefore, in the present research, a numerical STUDy is conducted on the flexural behavior of SCS sandwich slabs with STUD-bolt SHEAR connectors under the effect of the quasi-static concentrated load. For this purpose, first, the experimental specimens extracted from the previously published STUDy were numerically modeled and quasi-statically analyzed using explicit dynamic analysis. Then based on the tests, the models were validated. Subsequently, the effect of the parameters, including the thickness of steel plates, STUD-bolts diameter, the concrete core thickness, center-to-center distance of STUD-bolt connectors, and the concrete core strength was evaluated based on the numerical models on the failure modes and the force-displacement curve. Finally, using the experimental setup and gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm, several numerical models were planned to predict the maximum strength of the slabs and a simple relation was proposed. The maximum strength resulting from the proposed relation and numerical models had an acceptable agreement with an error of 11% based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).

In this research the in-plane SHEAR behavior of composite steel-concrete SHEAR walls was investigated by considering the following variables: steel plate thickness, the SPACING between SHEAR STUDs, the shape and type of the SHEAR STUDs and consideration of the minimum reinforcement in the wall section. Several finite element models were analyzed and numerical results of two models were verified with available experimental results in the literature. Results showed that increasing the thickness of the steel plate increases the yield and ultimate SHEAR strengths; moreover, increasing the SPACING between SHEAR STUDs reduces the SHEAR resistance to some extent; furthermore, steel-plate composite (SC) walls with iron angles have higher yield and ultimate SHEAR resistance than walls with STUDs; finally, the wall with the minimum reinforcement behaved better than the wall with no reinforcement in terms of ductility and SHEAR strength.

Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich panels are composed of two steel plates with low thicknesses and high densities and strengths and one thick layer between both plates with low strength and density known as core that is composed of concrete. Cohesive material-epoxy resin or SHEAR connectors are usually applied in order to connect the plates to the concrete core. SCS sandwich composites are being developed so they can be utilized in offshore structures and buildings. STUD bolt is one of the SHEAR connectors and their interlayer SHEAR behavior is examined in the present STUDy. In order to inspect the effect of parameters on interlayer SHEAR behavior of steel-concrete-steel sandwich structure with STUD bolt connectors, push-out test is performed under progressive loading. Pursuant to the tests performed, relations are proposed to predict ultimate SHEAR strength and load-slip behavior of samples with STUD bolt SHEAR connectors. Consequently, numerical model of push-out test is presented on the basic component of Steel-Concrete-Steel sandwich structure (SCS) with STUD bolt connectors. The results indicated that finite element model is consistent with test results applying mass scaling in Explicit Solver with a suitable analysis speed. Applying the regression analysis on the results of 80 numerical models of push-out test, a relation was proposed for SHEAR strength of push-out samples with STUD bolt connectors.

In steel structures, the effects of horizontal load like earthquake, are more displaced because of the elastic properties of the materials, compared with reinforced concrete structures.Therefore, in steel frame structures, diagonal systems, steel SHEAR walls systems, and reinforced concrete SHEAR walls systems are built for displacements which arise from earthquake or wind effects. In this STUDy in steel frame structures, reinforced concrete SHEAR wall was used. In the experiment samples, different types of connectors were used to connect the reinforced concrete SHEAR walls with steel frame. These SHEAR connectors are single STUD, double STUD, single I-shape, double I-shape and single U-shape. In these experiments the connections influences were examined by cyclic loading. It is known that currently, STUD SHEAR connectors are widely used in composite structural members for composite action between steel and concrete. The experimental results show that the bearing capacity of STUDs from SHEAR connectors was less than that of other connectors. However, the bearing capacity of SHEAR connections formed with two I-shape steel profiles were bigger than that of other connections.